1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
|
pod |
gwou |
leuk |
wōq |
nāu |
kwon |
mēns |
|
(accent position verified) |
|||||||
Nom. |
pā́t |
gaúḥ |
ruk |
vā́k |
náuḥ |
śvā́ |
mā́ḥ |
Voc. |
gauḥ |
ruk |
vāk |
nauḥ |
śvan |
||
Acc. |
pā́dam |
gā́m |
rucam |
vā́cam |
nāvam |
śvā́nam |
|
Ins. |
padā́ |
gávā |
rucā |
vācā |
nāvā́ |
śúnā |
māsā́ |
Dat. |
padé |
gáve |
ruce |
vāce |
nāve |
śune |
māse |
Abl. |
padáḥ |
góḥ |
rucaḥ |
vācáḥ |
nāváh |
śúnaḥ |
māsaḥ |
Gen. |
padaḥ |
góḥ |
rucaḥ |
vācáḥ |
nāváh |
śúnaḥ |
māsaḥ |
Loc. |
padi |
gavi |
ruci |
vāci |
nāvi |
śuni |
māsi |
Nom. |
gāvau |
rucau |
vācau |
nāvau |
śvānau |
||
Voc. |
gāvau |
rucau |
vācau |
nāvau |
śvānau |
||
Acc. |
gāvau |
rucau |
vācau |
nāvau |
śvānau |
||
Ins. |
padbhyām |
gobhyām |
rugbhyām |
vāgbhyām |
naubhyām |
śvabhyām |
mābhyām | mādbhyām |
Dat. |
padbhyām |
gobhyām |
rugbhyām |
vāgbhyām |
naubhyām |
śvabhyām |
mādbhyām |
Abl. |
padbhyām |
gobhyām |
rugbhyām |
vāgbhyām |
naubhyām |
śvabhyām |
mādbhyām |
Gen. |
padoḥ |
gavoḥ |
rucoḥ |
vācoḥ |
nāvoḥ |
śunoḥ |
māsoḥ |
Loc. |
padoḥ |
gavoḥ |
rucoḥ |
vācoḥ |
nāvoḥ |
śunoḥ |
māsoḥ |
Nom. |
gā́vas |
rucaḥ |
vācaḥ |
nā́vah |
śvānaḥ |
||
Voc. |
gāvaḥ |
rucaḥ |
vācaḥ |
nāvaḥ |
śvānaḥ |
||
Acc. |
padáh |
gāḥ |
rucaḥ |
vācaḥ |
nāvaḥ |
śunaḥ |
mā́sah |
Ins. |
padbhiḥ |
góbhiḥ |
rugbhiḥ |
vāgbhiḥ |
naubhíh |
śvábhiḥ |
mādbhíh |
Dat. |
padbhyaḥ |
gobhyaḥ |
rugbhyaḥ |
vāgbhyaḥ |
naubhyaḥ |
śvabhyaḥ |
mādbhyaḥ |
Abl. |
padbhyaḥ |
gobhyaḥ |
rugbhyaḥ |
vāgbhyaḥ |
naubhyaḥ |
śvabhyaḥ |
mādbhyaḥ |
Gen. |
padām |
gavām |
rucām |
vācām |
nāvām |
śunām |
māsām |
Loc. |
patsu |
goṣu |
rukṣu |
vākṣu |
nauṣu |
śvasu |
māḥsu |
pēs |
bōs |
lux |
uox |
nāuis |
canis |
mensis |
|
pedis |
bouis |
lūcis |
uōcis |
nāuis |
canis |
mensis |
|
Nom. |
πούς |
βοῦς |
ἀνήρ |
ὄψ |
ναῦς |
κύων |
μήν, μείς |
Gen. |
ποδός |
βοός |
ἀνδρός |
ὀπός |
νεώς |
κυνὸς |
μηνός |
Dat. |
ποδί |
βοΐ |
ἀνδρί |
ὀπί |
νηΐ |
κυνὶ |
μηνί; |
Acc. |
πόδᾰ |
βοῦν |
ἄνδρα |
ὄπα |
ναῦν |
κύνα |
|
Voc. |
πούς |
βοῦ |
ἄνερ |
ναῦ |
κύον |
||
Nom. |
πόδε |
βόε |
νῆε |
||||
Gen. |
ποδοῖν |
||||||
Dat. |
ποδοῖν |
βοοῖν |
νεοῖν |
||||
Acc. |
πόδε |
||||||
Nom. |
πόδες |
βόες |
ἄνδρες |
νῆες |
κύνες |
||
Gen. |
ποδῶν |
βοῶν |
ἀνδρῶν |
νεῶν |
κυνῶν |
μηνῶν |
|
Dat. |
ποσί(ν) |
βουσί(ν) |
ἀνδράσι(ν) |
ναυσί(ν) |
κυσὶ |
||
Acc. |
πόδᾰς |
βοῦς |
ἄνδρας |
ναῦς |
κύνας |
||
nom. sg. |
patas/patis |
*guwau- |
|||||
acc. sg. |
patan |
||||||
gen. sg. |
patas |
||||||
dat.-loc. sg. |
pati |
||||||
acc. pl. |
pātuš < *pód-ms |
||||||
gen. pl. |
patān < *pd-óm. |
||||||
dat-loc. pl. |
patā <*pdós |
|
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
|
suH |
mūs |
djeuH |
judh |
kerd |
weik |
dheghom |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
sū́ḥ |
mū́ṭ |
dyáuḥ |
yut |
hā́rdi, (su)-hā́rt |
viṭ |
kṣám, kṣáh |
Voc. |
sū́ḥ |
mū́ṭ |
dyaùḥ |
yut |
|
viṭ |
kṣám |
Acc. |
suvam |
muṣam |
dy'aam | divam |
yudham |
|
viśam |
kṣám |
Ins. |
suvā |
muṣā |
divā́ |
yudhā́ |
hṛdā |
viśā |
kṣamā́, jmá |
Dat. |
suvai | suve |
muṣe |
dyave | divé |
yudhe |
hṛdé |
viśe |
kṣé |
Abl. |
suvāḥ | suvaḥ |
muṣaḥ |
dyóḥ | diváḥ |
yudhaḥ |
hṛdáḥ |
viśaḥ |
jmás, kṣmás |
Gen. |
suvāḥ | suvaḥ |
muṣaḥ |
dyóḥ | diváḥ |
yudhaḥ |
hṛdáḥ |
viśaḥ |
jmás, kṣmás |
Loc. |
suvi | suvām |
muṣi |
dyávi | diví |
yudhi |
hṛdí |
viśi |
kṣámi |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
suvau |
muṣau |
dyāvau | divau |
yudhau |
|
viśau |
kṣā́mā |
Voc. |
suvau |
muṣau |
yudhau |
|
viśau |
kṣā́mā |
|
Acc. |
suvau |
muṣau |
dyāvau | divau |
yudhau |
|
viśau |
kṣā́mā |
Ins. |
sūbhyām |
muḍbhyām |
yudbhyām |
hṛdbhyām |
viḍbhyām |
|
|
Dat. |
sūbhyām |
muḍbhyām |
yudbhyām |
hṛdbhyām |
viḍbhyām |
|
|
Abl. |
sūbhyām |
muḍbhyām |
yudbhyām |
hṛdbhyām |
viḍbhyām |
|
|
Gen. |
suvoḥ |
muṣoḥ |
yudhoḥ |
hṛdoḥ |
viśoḥ |
|
|
Loc. |
suvoḥ |
muṣoḥ |
yudhoḥ |
hṛdoḥ |
viśoḥ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
suvaḥ |
muṣaḥ |
dyāvaḥ | divaḥ |
yudhaḥ |
|
viśaḥ |
kṣāmas |
Voc. |
suvaḥ |
muṣaḥ |
divaḥ |
yudhaḥ |
|
viśaḥ |
kṣāmas |
Acc. |
suvaḥ |
muṣaḥ |
divaḥ |
yudhaḥ |
hṛdaḥ |
viśaḥ |
kṣā́s |
Ins. |
sūbhiḥ |
muḍbhiḥ |
dyúbhiḥ |
yudbhiḥ |
hṛdbhíḥ |
viḍbhiḥ |
|
Dat. |
sūbhyaḥ |
muḍbhyaḥ |
dyubhyaḥ |
yudbhyaḥ |
hṛdbhyaḥ |
viḍbhyaḥ |
|
Abl. |
sūbhyaḥ |
muḍbhyaḥ |
dyubhyaḥ |
yudbhyaḥ |
hṛdbhyaḥ |
viḍbhyaḥ |
|
Gen. |
sūnām | suvām |
muṣām |
divām |
yudhām |
hṛdām |
viśām |
|
Loc. |
sūṣu |
muṭsu |
dyuṣu |
yutsu |
hṛtsú |
viṭsu |
kṣā́su |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
sūs |
mūs |
diēs |
nox |
cor |
uīcus |
humus |
|
suis |
mūris |
diei/Iouis |
noctis |
cordis |
uicī |
humī |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
ὗς σῦς |
μῦς |
Ζεὺς |
νύξ |
κῆρ < κέαρ |
οἶκος |
χθών |
Gen. |
συός |
μυός |
Διὸς |
νυκτός |
κῆρος: |
|
χθονὸς |
Dat. |
Διὶ |
νυκτί |
κῆρι |
|
χθονὶ |
||
Acc. |
ὗν,, σῦν |
μῦν |
Δία |
νύκτα |
κῆρ < κέαρ |
|
χθόνα |
Voc. |
μῦ |
Ζεῦ |
|
κῆρ < κέαρ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
|
|
|
|
|||
Gen. |
|
|
|
|
|||
Dat. |
|
|
|
|
|||
Acc. |
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Nom. |
ὕες, σύες |
μύες, μῦες |
νύκτες |
|
|
|
|
Gen. |
ὑῶν, συῶν |
νυκτῶν |
|
|
|
||
Dat. |
(σ)υσί, (σ)ύεσσι |
μυσί |
|
|
|
|
|
Acc. |
ὕας, σύας |
μύας |
νύκτας |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
nom. sg. |
šiwaz |
ne-ku-uz (nekuz) |
ka-ra-az (karts) |
|
tekan n., gen. |
||
acc. sg. |
|
|
|
|
|||
gen. sg. |
šiwattaš |
nekuz |
kar-di-aš |
|
taknas |
||
dat.-loc. sg. |
|
|
|
|
|||
acc. pl. |
|
|
|
|
|||
gen. pl. |
|
|
|
|
|||
dat-loc. pl. |
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 |
|
rēg |
ap |
sneich |
j(e)uHs |
neuk |
gheim |
op |
|
|||||||
Nom. |
rā́ṭ |
yū́ṣ |
himá-, héman |
ápnas- |
|||
Voc. |
rā́ṭ |
||||||
Acc. |
rājam |
||||||
Ins. |
rājā |
||||||
Dat. |
rāje |
||||||
Abl. |
rājaḥ |
||||||
Gen. |
rājaḥ |
||||||
Loc. |
rāji |
||||||
|
|||||||
Nom. |
rājau |
||||||
Voc. |
rājau |
||||||
Acc. |
rājau |
||||||
Ins. |
rāḍbhyām |
||||||
Dat. |
rāḍbhyām |
||||||
Abl. |
rāḍbhyām |
||||||
Gen. |
rājoḥ |
||||||
Loc. |
rājoḥ |
||||||
|
|||||||
Nom. |
rājaḥ |
āpaḥ |
|||||
Voc. |
rājaḥ |
āpaḥ |
|||||
Acc. |
rājaḥ |
apaḥ |
|||||
Ins. |
rāḍbhiḥ |
adbhiḥ |
|||||
Dat. |
rāḍbhyaḥ |
adbhyaḥ |
|||||
Abl. |
rāḍbhyaḥ |
adbhyaḥ |
|||||
Gen. |
rājām |
apām |
|||||
Loc. |
rāṭsu |
apsu |
|||||
|
|||||||
|
rex |
rōs |
nix |
iūs |
nux |
hiems |
ops |
|
rēgis |
rōris |
nivis |
iūris |
nucis |
hiemis |
opis |
|
|||||||
Nom. |
χείρ |
*νίψ |
χειμάς, -ών |
κλώψ |
|||
Gen. |
χειρός |
κλωπός |
|||||
Dat. |
χειρί |
κλωπί |
|||||
Acc. |
χεῖρα |
νίφα |
κλῶπᾰ |
||||
Voc. |
κλώψ |
||||||
|
|||||||
Nom. |
χεῖρε |
κλῶπε |
|||||
Gen. |
|||||||
Dat. |
χεροῖν |
κλωποῖν |
|||||
Acc. |
|||||||
|
|||||||
Nom. |
χεῖρες |
κλῶπες |
|||||
Gen. |
χερῶν, χειρῶν ib |
κλωπῶν |
|||||
Dat. |
χερσί, χειρσί, χείρεσι |
κλωψί(ν) |
|||||
Acc. |
χεῖρας |
κλῶπᾰς |
|||||
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
nom. sg. |
keššar (ghésr̥) |
gim(a)- |
happar |
||||
acc. sg. |
kiššeran (ghsérom) |
||||||
gen. sg. |
kiš(ša)raš (ghesrós / ghsrós) |
||||||
dat.-loc. sg. |
kiš(ša)rī (ghesréi / ghsréi) |
||||||
acc. pl. |
|||||||
gen. pl. |
|||||||
dat-loc. pl. |
III.2. Pronouns
IE |
Lat. |
Gk. |
Skt. |
Hitt. |
(sol)woi |
omnes |
oloi |
visva, sarva |
hūmant- |
qāqos |
quisque |
ekateros, ekastos |
pratieka |
kuissa |
qisqis |
quisquis quīlĭbĕt quīvis quīviscumque |
tis ostis dh ostis dhpote ostis oun |
kacit kaścana kopi |
kuis kuis, kuis-as kuis, |
qiskomqe, qisimmoqe |
quiscumque |
tis an tis ean |
yah kaś cit yo yah yadanga |
kuis imma, kuis imma kuis, kuis-as imma (kuis) |
qéjespejoi |
quidam |
oitines |
katipaya |
kuis ki |
qis, edqis (cf. rus. edvá) |
ecquis, aliquis, quis, quispiam, aliquisquam |
tis |
anyatama |
|
enis |
quīdam |
(cf. eniauton) |
ekaścana |
|
somós |
īdem (osc. ekkum) |
o autos |
eka (aequus), sama, sah eva |
eni, uni, anni, asi |
se epse, epe, s(w)el (e)pe |
ipse; arc. sapsa, sumpse |
eautos |
atman, svayam |
apāsila (cf. hit. kinun lat. nunc) |
neqis |
nullus, nec quisquam |
oudeis |
na kah |
UL kuiski |
álteros, ónteros |
alter |
anyatara |
(kuis)....kuis |
|
aljos*, onjos |
alius |
allos |
anya, itara, apara |
tamai- |
Eng. |
Ger. |
Goth. |
Gael. |
Russ. |
all |
alle, jeder |
alls |
u(i)le |
все |
every one |
jeder |
ainhvarjizuh ainhvaþaruh |
cach, cách (gal. papon) |
каждый, еже--какой 'what, which |
anyone |
jeder |
hvazuh hvarjizuh |
duine ar bith |
всякий |
whoever |
jeder der, wer auch immer |
sahvazuh saei |
cibé duine |
кто бы ни |
some |
etliche |
|
|
несколько |
someone |
jemand, irgendeiner, etwas |
hvas, hvashun |
nech, nach, duine |
кто-нибудь, кой-что, eтeръ |
certain |
ein gewisser |
sums |
áirithe |
некоторый |
the same |
der selbe |
sama |
an céanna; |
тот же самый |
himself |
selbst |
silba |
fessin, fadessin >féin |
сам, о́нсий |
none, nobody |
niemand, keiner |
(ni) hvashun |
ní aon duine (gal. nepon) |
никто |
the other one |
der andere |
|
an ceann eile |
другой, ино́й (инъ) |
someone else |
anderer |
aljis* |
aile, aill, eile |
*from aljos cf. lat. alibi, gr. alludis, got. aljaþ, etc
IE |
Lat. |
Gk. |
Skt. |
Hitt. |
is, se |
is (anaf.) |
autos |
sah, esah |
apā |
(e)ke, ghei-(ke), se, ete |
hic<ghe-i-ke |
outos |
ay-am, id-am, (gen. asya -air. a + len) <* e/ei; esah (cf. lat. equidem) |
kā, eda (def) |
oise, iste, ene |
iste <is-te |
oios <oihos (tal) |
enam (enclit.) |
----- |
el-ne |
ille, ollus <el-ne/ol-nos |
ekeinos |
a-sau, u- |
apā |
Eng. |
Ger. |
Goth. |
Gael. |
Russ. |
er, der |
is |
(h)í |
он |
|
this |
dieser hier |
hi-, sa(h) |
sin |
этот, сей.(ant) |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
that, yonder |
dieser da, jener |
jains |
(s)ut |
тот |
III.2.3. Personal Pronouns
Singular
IE TON. AT. |
LAT |
OSC-UMB |
PTOCEL |
OIr I |
OIr D |
Welsh I |
Welsh D |
CORN |
BRET |
|
N |
egṓ, egóm |
ego |
deest |
me, mesme ? |
mé, meisse |
----- |
mi, myvi, myvy, mivi |
----- |
my, me |
me |
A |
mewom; me |
mē (arc.mēd) |
deest |
*me, *mī |
----- |
-m- |
----- |
mi, vi, vyvi, vivi |
-vy, -ma, -m-, f(f) |
-me, -m-, ff |
G |
mene; mo, mei |
meī |
deest |
*mewe, *mene, *meme |
mui, muisse |
mo (len) |
meu |
mi, my, vy (ecl.); -m |
ow, ov; -m |
ma, va; -m |
D |
meghei; moi |
mihī |
deest |
*me, *mī, *moi |
----- |
-m- |
----- |
mi, vi, vyvi, vivi |
vy, ma, -m-, f(f) |
-me, -m-, ff |
L |
mei, moi |
mē |
deest |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
I |
mojo |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
Ab |
med |
mē |
mehe |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
N |
tū |
tū |
tiium, tiú |
*tū, tustu |
tú, tussu |
----- |
ti, tydi, tidi |
----- |
ty, te |
te |
A |
tewom; t(w)e |
tē |
tiu, tiom, tio, teio |
*tu |
----- |
-t- |
----- |
di, dy, de, dydi, dydy |
-te, -ta, th-, -s |
-de; -z-, -t |
G |
tewe; t(w)o, t(w)ei |
tui; adj. touos, tuus |
tuvai 'tuae', tuua, tua, touer, tuer |
*towe < *tewe |
tái |
do (len) |
teu |
dy (len); -th (len) |
the; -th, -t, -d |
da (len), -z (len) |
D |
tebhei; t(w)oi |
tibī |
tfei, tíf, tefe |
*t(w)oi |
----- |
-t- |
----- |
di, dy, de, dydi, dydy |
-te, -ta, th-, -s |
-de; -z-, -t |
L |
t(w)ei, t(w)oi |
tē |
deest (cf. 3ª sueso, seso) |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
I |
t(w)ojo |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
Ab |
ted |
tē |
deest |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
GMC |
GOT |
ON |
OE |
OHG |
LIT |
PRUS |
SLAV |
*eka (cf. vén. .e.go) |
ik |
ek |
ic |
ih |
aš |
as |
azъ |
*mike (cf. vén. mego) |
mik |
mik |
mec, mē |
mih |
mane |
mien <*men |
me^ |
*mīnō |
meina |
mīn |
mīn |
mīn |
manęs |
mais(e) |
mene |
*miza |
mis |
mēr |
mē |
mir |
mâni(e), man |
mennei, māim <instr. |
mi'nje'; mi |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
manyje |
----- |
mi'nje' |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
manimi |
----- |
mъnojo^ |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
----- |
----- |
----- |
*þū |
þū |
þū |
þū |
dū, du |
tu |
toū, tou, thou, tu |
ty |
*þeke |
þuk |
þik |
þe(c) |
dih |
tave |
tien, tin <*ten |
te^ |
*þīn |
þeina |
þīn |
þīn |
dīn |
tavęs |
twais(e) |
tebe |
*þeza |
þus |
þēr |
þē |
dir |
tâvi(e), tau |
tebbei, tebbe |
tebje'; ti |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
tavyje |
----- |
tebje' |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
tavimi |
----- |
tobojo^ |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
----- |
----- |
----- |
GK |
ARM |
SKR |
AV |
TOCH |
ALB |
HITT |
egw, egwn |
es |
ahám |
azə̄m |
näṣ, ñuk |
unë |
u:k (arc.), ammuk |
eme; me |
is |
mm, mā |
(mā) |
*mekwe |
mua, mue |
ammuk; -mu |
emou; mou <meso |
im |
máma, me |
mana |
ñi <*mäñi |
im <I + em |
ammēl |
emoi; moi |
imdz <*imij <*emegh |
máhya, máhyam, me |
mabya, mabyah (mai) |
|
|
ammuk; -mu |
----- |
is |
máyi |
----- |
|
|
=dat. |
----- |
inew |
máyā |
deest |
|
|
….. |
----- |
inén, indzén |
mát |
mat |
|
|
ammēdaz |
su |
du |
tvám |
tvə̄m, tūm (tard.) (tū) |
A tu, В t(u)we |
ti <*tū |
zik |
se; se <*twe |
k'ez |
tvm, tvā |
θąm (θvā) |
|
|
tuk; -tta, -ttu |
sou <*tweso |
k'o |
táva, te |
tava (tai) |
|
adi. y-t, ac. tën-t |
tuēl |
soi; soi <*twoi |
k'ez |
túbhya, túbhyam, te |
tabya, tabyah (tai) |
|
|
tuk; -tta, -ttu |
----- |
k'ez |
tváyi, tvé |
----- |
|
|
=dat. |
----- |
k'ew |
tváyā |
θvā (tardiiuum) |
|
|
….. |
----- |
k'én, k'ezén |
tvát |
θat |
|
|
tuēdaz |
Plural
TON. AT. |
LAT |
O-U |
PTOCEL |
OIr I |
OIr D |
Welsh I |
Welsh D |
CORN |
BRET |
|
N |
wejes, n̥smé |
nōs |
desunt |
*(s)nīs <*(s)nēs; *snīsnīs |
snisni, sníni, sisni, sinni, sní |
----- |
ni, nini |
----- |
ny |
ni, ny |
A |
nōns <*nosms, n̥smé; nos |
nōs |
*snōs |
----- |
-nn- |
----- |
-n-, -m, n(n) |
ny, ny ny; -n-, -gan-, -gen- |
ni, -n-, -on-, -hon-;-mp |
|
G |
n̥seróm; nos |
nostrum, -ī |
*aterom <*n̥serom /so n̥sme |
athar, ár <*n̥s-rō-m |
ar n- |
einym, einom |
an, yn; -n |
an, agan, agen; -n, -gan, -gen |
hon, hor, hol; -n, -on |
|
D |
n̥sméi, nosbhos |
nōbis <*nosbhis (cf. pubēs <*pusbh-) |
*snōs |
----- |
-nn- |
----- |
-n-, -m, n(n) |
ny, ny ny, -n-, -gan-, -gen- |
ni, -n-, -on-, -hon-;-mp |
|
L |
n̥smí, nosi |
----- |
|
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
||
I |
nosbhis |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
||
Ab |
n̥sméd |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
||
N |
juwes, jusmé |
uōs |
FAL uēs PAELIGN.-uus |
*swīs <swēs; swīswīs |
sib, sissi, síi |
----- |
chwi, chwichwi |
----- |
why, wy |
hui, huy, c'houi |
A |
wōns <*wosms, jusmé; wos |
uōs |
*swōs |
----- |
-b- |
----- |
-ch-, -ch |
why,-s-, -gas-; --ges-; ugh |
-huy, -hu, -uy. -u; -oz-, -ch |
|
G |
wesróm; wos |
uostrum, -ī |
uestra 'uestra' |
*(s)wesrom |
sethar, sethar-si, sar, fathar |
far n-, for n-, bar n- |
einwch, einywch |
awch, ych; -ch |
as, agas, ages; -gas, ges |
(h)oz, (h)ouz, ho; -oz, -ouz |
D |
jusméi, wosbhos; wos |
uōbis <*wosbhis |
desunt |
*swōs |
----- |
-b- |
----- |
-ch-, -ch |
why,-s-, -gas-; --ges-; ugh |
-huy, -hu, -uy. -u; -oz-, -ch |
L |
jusmí, wosi |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
||
I |
wosbhis |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
||
Ab |
jusméd |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
----- |
GMC |
GOT |
ON |
OE |
OHG |
LIT |
PRUS |
SLAV |
*weys |
weis |
vēr |
wē |
wir |
mes <*wes |
mes <*wes |
my <*wes |
*uns |
uns(is) |
oss |
ūs(ic) |
unsih |
mus |
mans<*nans <nṓns; *nō |
ny |
*unserō |
unsera |
vār |
ūser, ūre |
unsēr |
mūsų |
nōuson, nōusan *-sōn.- |
nasъ <*nōs-sōm |
*uns |
uns(is) |
oss |
ūs |
uns |
mums |
noūmans *nōmṓns |
namъ; ny |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
mumyse |
nasъ |
|
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
mumis |
nami |
|
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
----- |
----- |
|
*yūs |
jus |
ēr |
gē, gīe |
ir |
jūs |
ioūs <jūs |
vy |
*(w)izwiz |
izwis |
yðr |
ēow |
iu |
jus |
wans<*vans <vṓns; *vō |
vy |
*izwerō |
izwara |
yð(u)ar |
ēower |
iuwēr |
jūsų |
ioūson, ioūsān <*-sōn- |
vasъ |
*(w)izwiz |
izwis |
yðr |
ēow(ic) |
iuwih |
jums |
ioūmans < *jōmṓns |
vamъ ; ny |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
jumyse |
vasъ |
|
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
jumis |
vami |
|
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
….. |
----- |
----- |
ARM |
SKR |
AV |
TOCH |
ALB |
HITT |
|
hmeis <nsme + es , eol. amme <nsme |
mek' <*wes |
vayám |
vayam |
wes |
na <*nŏs |
wēs (arc.); anzās |
hmas |
mez |
asmn, nas |
ahma |
-m, -äm |
ne <*nōs |
anzās; -nnas |
hmwn |
mer |
asmkam, nas |
(nah) |
|
ne <*nōs |
anzēl |
hmin |
mez |
asmábhyam, asmé, nas |
ahmabya (nah) |
|
ne <*nōs |
anzās; -nnas |
----- |
mez |
asmsu, asmé |
----- |
|
|
=dat. |
----- |
mewk' |
asmbhis |
deest |
|
|
….. |
----- |
ménj |
asmát |
ahmat |
|
|
anzēdaz |
umeis |
duk' |
yūyám |
yūžam |
|
ju < *u |
sumēs |
umas |
dzez |
yuṣmn, vas |
(vāh) |
-m, -äm |
|
sumās; -smas |
hmwn |
dzer |
yuṣmkam, vas |
(vah) |
|
|
sumenzan (arc.), sumēl |
hmin |
dzez |
yuṣmábhyam, vas |
šmabhya, yušmabya (vah) |
|
|
sumēs; -smas |
----- |
dzez |
yusmsu, yuṣmé |
----- |
|
|
=dat. |
----- |
dzewk' |
yuṣmbhis |
šmā |
|
|
….. |
----- |
dzénj |
yuṣmát |
šmat, yušmat |
|
|
sumēdaz |
III.3. Word Formation: Common PIE Lengthenings and Suffixes
IE |
Latin |
Old Irish |
West Gmc. |
East Gmc. |
Greek |
Indian |
Slavic |
------ |
uox |
|
|
fley |
vāc 'uox' |
||
rex |
rí |
|
pous |
rāt |
|||
lex |
bó 'bos' |
ko |
bous |
gáu/go |
|||
lux |
|
|
onux |
ruk |
|||
grex |
|
|
ap 'aqua' |
||||
mūs |
|
mūs |
mus |
mū |
mysi (ac.) |
||
pes |
|
|
|
||||
nux |
|
|
|
||||
trabs |
|
|
|
||||
nix |
|
|
|
||||
-os |
|
kamb 'pecten' |
snaiws 'nix' |
logos 'uerbum' |
śoka 'splendor' |
snegъ 'nix' |
|
|
|
gomfos 'dens' |
jambha 'dens' |
zobъ 'dens' |
|||
|
|
foros |
|
tokъ |
|||
|
|
stoicos |
|
||||
|
|
trocos 'cursus' |
|
||||
|
|
ocos 'currus' |
|
||||
-ós |
procus |
|
|
tomos 'secans' |
vará 'sequitor' |
||
coquus |
|
|
trocos 'rota' |
śoká 'splendens' |
|||
|
|
loipos 'reliquiae' |
ghaná 'occisor' |
||||
-us |
genu(īnus) dens |
gin (geno) |
kinnus |
genus |
hanu |
||
pecus/pecu |
|
haidus |
ketú |
||||
|
faihu |
paśú |
|||||
|
|
dāru |
|||||
domus |
|
|
domos |
dáma |
domъ |
||
-jom/jā |
ingenium |
cride 'cor' |
|
ikrion |
vairya 'uirilitās' |
stoletie 'saeculum' |
|
officium |
sétig <-yā 'mulier' |
|
sofia 'sapientia' |
saujanya 'probitās' |
dolia 'pars' |
||
hospitium |
|
|
|
||||
gremium |
|
|
|
||||
prolubium |
|
|
|
||||
repudium |
|
|
|
||||
uaticinium |
|
|
|
||||
principium |
|
|
|
||||
dolium |
|
|
|
||||
feria |
|
|
|
||||
reliquiae |
|
|
|
||||
-nos/nom |
dōnum |
|
|
upnos 'somnus' |
sthānam 'locus' |
||
somnus |
|
|
coanos 'olla' |
svapnah 'sopnus' |
|||
regnum |
|
|
organon 'instrumentum' |
snānam 'nātus' |
|||
|
|
lucnos <ksn 'candēla' |
dānam 'dōnum' |
||||
|
|
varna 'color' (uarius) |
|||||
|
|
arambhanam 'initium' |
|||||
|
|
rodanam |
|||||
|
|
śasanam |
|||||
|
|
anusthānam |
|||||
|
|
adhyayanam |
|||||
|
|
āsānam |
|||||
|
|
adhyānam |
|||||
|
|
abhidhānam |
|||||
|
|
indhanam |
|||||
|
|
kārnam |
|||||
|
|
tādanam |
|||||
|
|
grathanam |
|||||
|
|
patanam |
|||||
|
|
ádanam |
|||||
|
|
darshanam |
|||||
|
|
sváadanam |
|||||
-nā |
lūna |
|
|
poinh 'pūnitiō' |
|
tsená 'pretium' |
|
habēna |
|
|
hdonh 'uoluptās' |
|
luna 'id.' |
||
pruina |
|
|
|
||||
ruina |
|
|
|
||||
-njom |
somnium |
blíad(a)in <yā 'anūs' |
|
svápn(i)ya |
sunie |
||
dominium |
|
|
prāvīnya |
žnanie 'scientia' |
|||
patrimonium |
|
|
kārtsnya 'totālitās' |
upražnenie 'exercitium' |
|||
matrimonium |
|
|
kārpanya 'miseria' |
cozarenie |
|||
triennium |
|
|
|
znamenie 'importantia' |
|||
somnium |
|
|
|
značenie 'significātiō' |
|||
scrutinium |
|
|
|
obъiavlenie 'nuntiātiō' |
|||
lenocinium |
|
|
|
prepodavanie |
|||
ricinium |
|
|
|
čtenie 'lectiō' |
|||
|
|
|
cobranie 'collectiō' |
||||
-tjom/tjā |
exercitium |
|
|
antastya- 'intestīna' |
|||
seruitium |
|
|
|
||||
initium |
|
|
|
||||
praeputium |
|
|
|
||||
tristitia |
|
|
|
||||
indutiae |
|
|
|
||||
-twom |
|
|
pañcatvam 'quique elementa' |
lekarstvo 'medicāmentum' |
|||
|
|
gurutvam 'grāuitās' |
gosteprimstva 'hospitālitās' |
||||
|
|
|
stroitelstvo 'constructiō' |
||||
|
|
|
proizvodstvo 'productiō' |
||||
|
|
|
znakomstvo 'scientia' |
||||
-men |
|
|
|
||||
nōmen |
ainm |
|
onoma 'nōmen' |
nāman 'nōmen' |
breme 'tempus' |
||
agmen |
|
|
ferma 'onus' |
bhárma/bhárīman |
|||
flūmen<gsm |
|
|
terma 'terminus' |
preman 'affectioo' |
čisme (s+mºn) 'numerus' |
||
flāmen<gsm |
|
|
a(F)etma 'halitus' |
ashman 'saxum' |
|||
|
|
stigma 'plāga' |
bharman 'onus' |
||||
|
|
timhma 'honor' |
tarman |
||||
lūmen<ksm |
|
|
gramma, grasma |
bráhman |
|||
|
|
agemen 'ferre' |
|
||||
-mon/mēn |
pulmō |
|
|
autmhn (aetma) |
brahmáan |
||
|
|
puqmhn |
dharmáa |
||||
|
|
umhn |
|
||||
|
|
limhn 'portus' |
|
||||
|
|
leimwn |
|
||||
|
|
idmwn 'scius' |
|
||||
|
|
pneumwn 'pulmō' |
|
||||
-mºntom |
augmentum |
|
|
hliumant 'reputātiō' |
śrómatam 'reputātiō' |
||
excrēmentum |
|
|
|
||||
-on |
tēmōn |
|
|
tektwn 'tignārius' |
taksan |
||
nefrōnēs |
|
|
arshn 'mas' |
uksán |
|||
pecten |
|
|
(F)arhn 'ariēs' |
yúvan |
|||
gluten |
|
|
|
||||
-mos |
rēmus<tsm |
|
|
kalamos 'calamus' |
kāma |
||
fūmus |
|
|
anemos 'uentus' |
drumá |
|||
|
|
olmos<lsm 'mortārium' |
dhūmá |
||||
|
|
trmá |
|||||
-mā |
flamma<gsm |
|
|
druma |
|
||
glūma |
|
|
aicmh <ksm 'cuspis' |
|
|||
plūma |
|
|
|
||||
-los/lom/lā |
prēlum |
|
|
omfalos |
|
||
candēla |
|
|
|
||||
fidēlia |
|
|
|
||||
-kos/kā |
pertica |
|
|
prāśnika |
|||
parca |
|
|
sainika |
||||
|
|
bhiksuka |
|||||
|
|
balaka |
|||||
|
|
karabhaka |
|||||
|
|
maryaka |
|||||
|
|
abhisoka |
|||||
-ro |
stuprum |
|
|
pteron 'āla' |
|
||
|
|
oleqros 'dēlētiō' |
|
||||
-er |
leuir |
|
|
dahr 'leuir' |
|
||
|
|
frear 'puteus' |
|
||||
|
|
pi(F)ar 'adeps' |
|
||||
|
|
ouqar 'ūter' |
|
||||
|
|
hmar 'diēs' |
|
||||
|
|
aleifar 'adeps' |
|
||||
super |
|
|
uper 'super' |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||||
-tā |
iuuenta |
|
|
ol(F)oths 'totālitās' |
krtajnatā |
||
|
|
bioth 'uīta' |
devatā |
||||
|
|
rjutā |
|||||
|
|
gurutā |
|||||
|
|
sarvatā |
|||||
-tāt(i) |
|
|
ikanoths |
aristátāti |
|||
|
|
isoths |
ayaksmátāti |
||||
|
|
idioths |
gṛbhītátāti |
||||
|
|
mesoths |
jyesthátāti |
||||
deitās/dīvīnitās |
|
|
devátāti |
||||
acritās |
|
|
vasútāti |
||||
firmitās |
|
|
ástatāti |
||||
commūnitās |
|
|
gamaindaiths |
dáksatāti |
|||
|
gemeinde |
gamainths |
śámtāti |
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managduthais |
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-ti |
mens |
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fusis 'nātūra' |
mati |
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pars |
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zeuxis 'uinculum' |
krti |
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mors |
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teryis 'oblectamentum' |
bhakti |
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ars |
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basis 'grasus' |
bati |
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usterhsis 'dilātiō' |
drsti |
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kinhsis 'mouimentum' |
vipatti |
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bhrti |
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pankti |
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-tu |
portus |
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furt |
astu 'urbs' |
av. p∂r∂tu-š 'pons' |
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saltus |
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gántus |
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-tūt |
iuuentūs |
oítiu 'iuuentūs' |
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mikiduÞs 'magnitūdō' |
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senectūs |
sentu 'senectūs' |
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salūs |
bethu 'uita' |
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uirtūs |
oíntu 'ūnītās' |
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slántu 'salūs' |
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cáttu 'sanctitās' |
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nemarbtu 'immortālitās' |
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-to |
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nostos |
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fortos |
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kamatos |
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biotos (bioth) |
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koitos |
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erpeton |
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-tor/tēr |
genitor |
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genetwr/genethr |
janitr |
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peusthr |
gntr |
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krtr |
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drstr |
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dhaatr |
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raksitr |
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bóddha |
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-in |
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bhāvin |
graždanin 'ciuis, homō urbānus' |
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puspadhārin |
krestianin 'homō rusticus' |
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medhavin |
angličanin 'anglensis' |
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kuśalin |
parižanin 'parisiensis' |
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ksayin |
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-dhrom |
crībrum |
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-trom |
arātrum |
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arotron 'arātrum' |
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rostrum |
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fertron 'faretra' |
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lūstrum |
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lektron 'lectus' |
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tarātrum |
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niptron 'lauabum' |
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swstron |
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-dhlom |
stābulum |
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cutlon 'olla' |
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pābulum |
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genetlon<ql |
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-tlom |
poculum |
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mántra |
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situlum |
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shrotra |
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-os- (n) |
onus |
slíab 'mons' |
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kleos 'gloria' |
anas 'onus' |
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opus |
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nefos 'nubēs' |
apas 'opus' |
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erebos 'inferus' |
shravas |
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candramas |
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tejas |
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chandas |
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tapas |
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nabhas |
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payas |
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manas |
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yaśas |
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raksas |
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rajas |
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vaksas |
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vayas |
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vasas |
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vedhas |
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śiras |
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saras |
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-os- (m) |
aurōr(a) |
aurōr-a |
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ews 'aurōra' |
usáa 'auroora' |
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calor |
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aidws 'pudicitia' |
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tepor |
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honor |
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-estu <ed+tu /esti <ed+ti |
inruccus 'opulentia' |
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cvežestь 'frescor' |
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comláinso 'plēnitūdō' |
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áthius 'acerbitās' |
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diuitius 'simplicitās' |
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cosmuilius 'similitūdō' |
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cuibdius 'harmonia' |
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erdarcus 'pulchritūdō' |
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faitigus 'cautiō' |
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inderbus 'incertitūdō' |
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cutrummus 'equalitās' |
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mórálus 'moralitas' |
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comarbus 'hereditās' |
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coibnius 'familiāritās' |
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astu<ad+tu / asti<ad+ti |
flaithemnas 'dominium' |
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thiudinassus 'regnum' |
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glupostь 'stultitia' |
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airechas 'nōbilitās' |
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gudjin-assus 'sacerdotium' |
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polnostь 'plēnitūdō' |
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óclachas |
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podrobnostь 'indicātiō' |
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muntaras 'familiāritās' |
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grustь 'tristitia' |
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remthechtas 'antepositiō' |
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gordostь |
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anamchairtes 'directiō spirituālis' |
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molodostь 'iuuentūs' |
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lánamnas 'matrimonium' |
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starostь 'senectūs' |
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testas 'testimonium' |
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iarostь 'exasperātiō' |
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émechas 'opportunitās' |
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coitchennas 'generālitās' |
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